it和that同为代词。it指代上文中出现过的特定的事物,即同一事物。that用来替代前面特指的单数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数名词或不可数名词。
it的用法it指代上文中出现过的特定的事物,即同一事物。例如:
(1)I have lost my pen;I am looking for it.(it指代前面的my pen)
我的钢笔丢了,我正在找它。
(2)The Parkers bought a new house,but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
帕克夫妇买了一幢新房子,但要搬进去还得做很多工作。
that的用法that用来替代前面特指的单数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数名词或不可数名词。例如:
(1)The pen you bought is cheaper than that I bought.(that=the pen)
你买的钢笔比我买的便宜。
(2)The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.(that=the water)
杯子里的水比锅里的水热。
(3)The scenery in the south is quite different from that of the northwest with its rolling mountains.
南方的风景与西北方的风景完全不同,哪里到处是绵延起伏的山脉。